Archealogy explained!
How to!
To train Archealogy you will probally get a new kind of Node, something were you can dig. Once you get it a node you will either receive a item it a "quest". This "quest" will be in the archealogy log. Once opened you will have a to go around collecting materials for the reconsrtuction of the item. [IMGL]http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/wowwiki/images/7/75/Archaeology-journal.jpg[/IMGL]
Above you can see how you have to get regeants for the object make it. This would be a very handy tool for leveling because you can get some gear while leveling.
Rewards
Rewards very from New glyph spots, companion pets, Recipes for proffesions and money. All of these are confirmed facts. Also, this proffesion ties in to one of the newest things in Cataclysm. Path of the Titans, this unlocks new glyph sockets this is something everyone will LOVE.
[IMGL]http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/wowwiki/images/3/33/Pathofthetitansglyphs.jpg[/IMGL]
This is a possible path a person can take. This is a glyph book of a druid.
Side Notes
A few side notes, the objects you find will not take up inventory space but just be in your log, you will study relics, artifacts and other items. The object will progress the more you "study" them. This will more then likely twine in to The Explorers League, you will also tie in to Lore and Brann the World reknowed Explorer. There are hints that it may be a mini game in side WoW where you study the artifact. There is a big chance that this will change, there are bound to be changes.
Will edit and make better when I get home from school.