I'm just going to share what i have learned with experience with arcane mages. Not going into detail, just follow this guideline and you'll be off to a great start.
sp=spell power
Addons
Scorchio2- Tracks Buffs/Arcane Blast Debuff
Decursive- Decurse
OmniCC- timers for cooldowns
Quartz- Configurable casting bar
Gemming
Meta socket- Chaotic Skyflare (Crit/Crit dmg)
Red socket- Always 23 SP
Yellow socket- Always 12 SP & 10 Haste Orange gem.
Blue socket- 12 spell power & 10 spirit on two occasions(below)
-socket bonus is 7sp or greater
-to meet requirements for the meta gem
State Conversion keep this written down somewhere, study it.
Level 80:
1% hit = 26.23 rating
1% haste = 32.79 rating
1% crit = 45.91 rating
166.67 intellect = 1% crit
Glyphs
Glyph of Molten Armor
Glyph of Arcane Blast
Glyph of Arcane Missiles
have 3 minor (top guilds do care)
Glyph of Arcane Intellect- ideal for spot buffs in combat
Glyph of Slow Fall
Glyph of Frost Ward
Enchants & Professions
Tailoring is the BiS profession for mages because of the cloak enchant.
Engineering could be a nice pick. Jewelcrafting and enchanting work as well.
Head-Arcanum of Burning Mysteries (Kirin'tor rep)
Shoulder- Sons of Hodir. get the exalted enchant (once again, top guilds care a lot)
Cloak- Tailoring chant, or haste
Chest- 10 stats.. just get it
Bracers- 30 Spell Power
Hands- Engineering or 28 spell power
Belt- socket with 23 spell power
Leggings- 50sp and 20 spirit
Feet- Tuskar's Vitality (Fights require you to move, the faster you get there, the more time you have to dps) or Icewalker if you're not hit capped.
Rings- Enchanters only
Macros
drop aggro invisibility
#showtooltip Invisibility
/stopcasting /cast invisibility
/cancelaura Invisibility
iceblock aggro
#showtooltip Ice Block
/stopcasting
/cast ice block
/cancelaura Ice Block
Talent Build
Could vary a bit depending on your hit rating. Follow this build:
Talent Calculator - World of Warcraft
And always think outside the box! peace